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The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieved within only a few years have reached 25.5% ( 6– 9) using the regular (n-i-p) structure. Hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites are attractive photoelectric materials exhibiting the advantages of low cost ( 1) and ease in manufacturing ( 2) while exhibiting strong panchromatic sunlight absorption ( 3), long carrier diffusion lengths ( 4), and adjustable direct bandgaps ( 5).
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The modified devices exhibit excellent long-term operational and thermal stability at the maximum power point for 1000 hours at 45☌ under continuous one-sun illumination without any significant loss of efficiency. Consequently, the modified inverted PSCs show an optimal power conversion efficiency of 22.1% and a very high fill factor (FF) of 0.862, corresponding to 95.4% of the Shockley-Queisser limited FF (0.904) of PSCs with a 1.59-eV bandgap. The incorporation of multiple chemical anchor sites in the star-shaped polymer branches strongly controls the crystallization of perovskite film with lower trap density and higher carrier mobility and thus inhibits the nonradiative recombination and reduces the charge-transport loss. Here, we report a star-shaped polymer to improve charge transport and inhibit ion migration at the perovskite interface. Stabilizing high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) at operating conditions remains an unresolved issue hampering its large-scale commercial deployment.